Ọrịa Nasrotic bụ ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma nke ahụ, nke metụtara mmebi akụrụ na nke ụfọdụ ihe ịrịba ama na ụlọ nyocha. Mgbe mgbe, a na-achọpụta na mgbagwoju a na-ahụ maka ndị okenye na-erubeghị afọ 35.
Ihe kpatara ọrịa nọnrotic
Maka ọrịa nke nephrotic e ji njide nke ihe akuku nke akụrụ, nke na-esonye n'ime ìgwè nephrons (akụkụ nke usoro akụrụ) nke na-eme ka ọbara nyochaa na ntinye nke urine. E nwere mgbanwe na mgbidi nke capillaries glomerular na mmụba ha permeability, na-eduga ná disruptions na protein na abụba metabolism, nke na-esonyere:
- mmebi nke protein absorption na abanye n'ime mmamịrị (proteinuria);
- ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ịrịba ama na ntinye protein n'ime plasma ọbara (hypoproteinemia);
- ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mkpụrụedemede albumin nke protein plasma (hypoalbuminemia);
- abawanye na cholesterol ọbara, triglycerides na phospholipids (hyperlipidemia), wdg.
Ọ bụrụ na ọhụụ na-eme na mberede na edere ya na nke mbụ, nnukwu ọrịa nephrotic na-apụta, yana mgbanwe dị iche iche na mgbarụ na mgbapụta, a na-ewere usoro ahụ dị ka oge na-adịghị ala ala. Enweghi ike ịmepụta ihe kpatara nsogbu ahụ, mana echiche kachasị dị na ya banyere pathogenesis bụ nke na-adịghị edozi ahụ. Ozizi a na-akọwa mmepe nke mgbanwe nchịkwa n'ihi nzaghachi na-adịghịzi emetụta ihe dị iche iche na-ekesa ọbara na ọbara.
Site na mbido, a na-ekewa ọrịa ọrịa na-adịghị ahụ maka ọdịdị nke mbụ (dị ka ngosipụta nke ọrịa akụrụrụ akụrụngwa) na nke abụọ (nke ọrịa ọrịa na-ebute ọrịa na-etinye aka na akụrụ). Dịka isi, ọ nwere ike ịnọ na ọrịa ndị dịka:
- Lipoid nephrosis;
- nephropathy nke nwanyi di ime;
- amyloidosis nke akụrụ;
- nephropathy membranous;
- pyelonephritis;
- glomerulonephritis;
- akwara akụrụ.
Ọrịa nke abụọ nwere ike ịzụlite megide nzụlite ọnya ndị a:
- systemic lupus erythematosus;
- pre-eclampsia;
- vascularitis hemorrhagic;
- ọrịa shuga;
- amyloidosis;
- nhazi;
- ezughị nke ngụgụ;
- ịba ọcha n'anya B;
- ịba ọcha n'anya C;
- myeloma;
- ụkwara nta;
- njikọrịta;
- ịba;
- nsi na nnukwu ọla;
- agwọ agwọ, wdg.
Nsogbu Nephrotic na glomerulonephritis
Ọtụtụ mgbe enwere nnukwu glomerulonephritis na ọrịa nephrotic, nke renal glomeruli na-ekpughe ọrịa mbufụt, mgbe ọ bụla streptococci ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ pathogens kpatara. N'ihi ya, usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ na-emepụta ọgwụ nje na, mgbe a na-agbanye ya na antigens, dozie na akpụkpọ anụ ahụ na-emetụta ya.
Ọrịa Nasrotic na amyloidosis
Ọrịa na-ahụ maka ọrịa nke na-eme ka amịlidosis bụ isi (idiopathic) bụ n'ihi na n'ime akụrụ akụrụngwa, e nwere ntinye protein-polysaccharide nke na-eme ka ọ ghara ịrụ ọrụ ahụ. Enwere nkwụsị nke nephrons a na-eme nke ọma, mmebi nke epithelium nke tubules, na akụrụ na-abawanye na nha.
Ọrịa Nasrotic na pyelonephritis
Ọrịa na-egbu egbu nke pel pel, calyx na renal parenchyma, nke ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ka E. coli kpasuo ya, na enweghị ọgwụgwọ zuru oke nwere ike ibute mmebi nke ọrụ nchịkwa na nhazi nke ngwa ahụ. N'ọnọdụ a, mgbe mgbe, ọ na-amalite ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala nke na-adịghị ala ala nke na-eme ka ike ọgwụgwụ oge.
Ọrịa Nasrotic - mgbaàmà
Edema na ọrịa na-adịghị na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè. Nke mbụ, a na-ahụ nkwonkwo na mpaghara ihu (mgbe n'okpuru anya), na aka na ụkwụ, na mpaghara mpaghara lumbar. N'ikpeazụ, mmiri ahụ na - agbakọta n'ime anụ ahụ dị n'okpuru nke ahụ dum. Ihe mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịgụnye:
- pallor na akọrọ nke akpụkpọ ahụ;
- akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ;
- ihe mgbu na isi;
- enweghị agụụ;
- nkwụsịtụ;
- nsogbu stool;
- eme ka obi ghara iru ala na mpaghara lumbar;
- ahụ mgbu;
- mmepụta ihe mmamịrị belata;
- nkwonkwo;
- brittle ntutu na mbọ;
- mkpụmkpụ nke ume, wdg.
A na-egosiputa ihe ịrịba ama isi ihe nyocha nke ọrịa nephrotic na nyocha nke mmamịrị na ọbara ndị na-esonụ:
- ọnụ ọgụgụ protein n'ime urine - karịa 3 g / ụbọchị;
- ọnụ ọgụgụ ọgwụ ahụ bụ ihe na-erughị 27 g / l;
- ogo protein n'ime mmiri nke mmiri - n'okpuru 60-50 g / l;
- ọdịnaya cholesterol n'ime ọbara karịrị 6.5 mmol / l.
Ahụhụ Nephrotic - nchọpụta dị iche iche
Iji chọpụta oke mmebi nke mmebi ahụ, chọpụta ihe na - akpata mkpasu iwe, na mgbakwunye na nyocha nke onye na - agwọ ọrịa na onye na - eme emezi, nchọpụta nke ọrịa nọngho na - agụnye ọtụtụ agụmakwụkwọ na ihe nyocha:
- nyochacha ọbara na mmamịrị;
- urine analysis na Zimnitskiy;
- nyocha njirimara nke mmamịrị;
- nyocha nke ọbara na urine;
- nyocha ọbara maka clotting;
- nchịkọta ihe;
- Ultrasonography nke akụrụ na dopplerography;
- nephroscintigraphy;
- akuku biopsy na-enyocha ihe omimi.
Ọrịa Nasrotic - ịme ihe
Mgbe a na-enyo enyo nke ọrịa nephrotic, ule ndị ahụ na-enye ohere ọ bụghị nanị ikwenye nyocha ahụ, kamakwa iji chọpụta usoro nke ọgwụgwọ. Otu n'ime ihe kachasị akọwa bụ usoro nlekọta, nke, na mgbakwunye na inwe ọkwa protein dị elu, a na-ekpughe ihe ndị a na-esonụ:
- ihe ojoo bu
- njupụta ụba;
- mmeghachi omume alkaline;
- ọnụnọ nke leukocytes na erythrocytes;
- ebe nchekwa stovu na wax;
- enwere kristal cholesterol;
- ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke microbial bodies.
Ọgwụgwọ ọrịa na-adịghị mma
Ọ bụrụ na a chọpụta ọrịa ọrịa nephrotic, a ghaghị imezi ọgwụ na ụlọ ọgwụ ka dọkịta ahụ nwee ike nyochaa ọnọdụ onye ọrịa ahụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ ahụ, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa ịgbanwe ya. Ihe kacha mkpa bụ ịgwọ ọrịa ọrịa ndị bụ isi na ọrịa ndị ọzọ, nke nwere ike ime ka ọrịa ahụ na-adịghị mma. A na-atụ aro ndị ọrịa ọgwụ mmega ahụ iji gbochie mmepe thrombosis.
Na usoro ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ, ọgwụ mgbochi ọgwụ nwere ike ịnweta, tinyere ọgwụ ndị ọzọ:
- glucocorticoids (Prednisone, Dexazon, Urbazon) - na atopic, lupus, membranous na ụfọdụ ụdị nịropropathy;
- cytostatics (Azathioprine, Cyclophosphamide, Leukeran) - na lymphogranulomatosis , sarcoidosis, ọrịa Wegener, wdg;
- ndị na-agwọ ọrịa ọgwụ (Heparin) - na hypermerious hypertension, ụbụrụ, nnukwu, na ujo akụrụ, pre-eclampsia, wdg;
- diuretics (Furosemide, Etakrinaic acid, Veroshpiron) - na nkwupụta okwu;
- immunosuppressants (Azathioprine, Cyclosporine) - na nchọpụta nke ọrịa ọrịa autoimmune;
- ọgwụ nje (Ampicillin, Doxycycline, Cefazolin) - mgbe a na-achọpụta usoro mgbasa ozi.
Cytostatics na ọrịa na-adịghị mma
A na-achọkarị ọgwụgwọ ọrịa na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ọgwụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ọgwụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma maka ọrịa glucocorticosteroid ma ọ bụ enweghị mmetụta ya. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eji ha eme ihe na ọgwụ ọgwụgwọ hormonal, nke na-enye gị ohere belata ụdị onyonyo na oke mmetụta. Mgbochi ndị a na-arụ ọrụ na sel nkewa, na-egbochi ha ikewa. Ị gaghị enwe ike iji cytostatics na ime ime, cytopenia, nephropathy na-enweghị ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrụ, ọnụnọ nke ọrịa na-eche ihu.
Nri na ọrịa na-adịghị mma
Nchoputa nke "ọrịa nephrotic" - ihe ngosi maka nhọpụta nke iri nri asaa, iji mee ka usoro nke metabolic na mmepụta ihe omimi, belata edema. Ihe ndị dị mkpa maka nri bụ:
- 5-6 nri kwa ụbọchị;
- Ntinye nke iri nri ma ọ bụ mmachi 2-4 g kwa ụbọchị;
- eji efere esi nri na steamed, sie, stewed;
- a na-eji protein na-eme ihe na 1-2 g kwa kilogram nke ibu;
- nri dị ukwuu nke nri dị na potassium (almọnd, apricots apịtị, soya);
- Mbelata nke iji ngwaahịa ndị na-agụnye carbohydrates dị mfe (achịcha ọcha, poteto, osikapa osikapa);
- nbilata ihe oriri nke anụ anụmanụ (anụ, abụba abụba, àkwá);
- mmachi nke iji mmiri eme ihe (na-echebara ihe ọmụmụ urine kwa ụbọchị).
Nsogbu nke ọrịa nephrotic
Nsogbu nke ọrịa nephrotic nwere ike ime mgbagwoju anya ọ bụghị naanị n'ihi ntakịrị nlezianya na usoro nlezianya anya, ọgwụgwọ na-ezighị ezi, kamakwa n'ihi iji ọgwụ ụfọdụ eme ihe. Nsogbu kachasị emetụta nke ọrịa nephrotic bụ:
- phlebothrombosis;
- pneumococcal peritonitis;
- oyi baa;
- ụdịrị
- thromboembolism nke akwara ikuku;
- nkwụsị nke akụrụ;
- ụbụrụ nke ụbụrụ;
- nsogbu nhụjuanya;
- ọnyá afọ peptic;
- ihe ngosi nro;
- ọrịa shuga na ndị ọzọ.