Narcotic analgesics

Ọgwụgwọ bụ otu ụdị ọgwụ ndị nwere ike ịmelata ma ọ bụ kwụsị mmetụta nke mgbu. Site n'omume ha, mmetụta nke ọgwụ na mmetụta n'ahụ ahụ, analgesics na-ekewa abụọ: narcotic na non narcotic.

Narcotic na ọgwụ ndị na-abụghị narcotic

Ngwá ọgwụ ndị na-abụghị nke narcotic gụnyere:

1. Nkwadobere na salicylic acid: aspirin, saltium salium.
2. Nkwadebe nke dabeere na pyrazolone: ​​analgin, amidopyrine, mgbatị.
3. Nkwadebe dabeere na aniline: paracetamol, panadol, phenacetin.
4. Nkwadebe nke dabeere na mmiri alkanoic: diclofenac sodium, brufen.
5. Ndị ọzọ: natrofen, piroxicam, dimexide, chlorotazole.

Ngwọrọgwụ Narcotic:

1. Tincture na wepụ nke opium.
2. Alkaloids nke opium: preparations nwere morphine na codeine.
3. Ihe analogues nke morphine: semiylmorphine, hydrocodone, wdg.
4. Ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ maka morphine: estocin, butorphanol, buprenorphine, methadone, sufentanil, alfentanil, oxymorphone, levorphanol, propoxyphene, nalbuphine, nalorphine, fentanyl, promedol, tramadol, tramal.

Nkà ọgwụ na ọgwụ analgesics

Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ọgwụ ndị ahụ bụ ihe mgbakwasị ụkwụ, ụbụrụ nke sịntetị ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri si na morphine. Dabere n'ụdị ahụ, ha bụ ma ọ bụ agonists ma ọ bụ ndị agonist-ndị na-emegide ndị na-anabata ndị ọrịa opioid (mgbu).

1. Agonists: morphine, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, methadone, meperidine, fentanyl, alfentanil, sufentanil, remifentanil, levorphanol, oxycodone.
2. Agonists anya: codeine, hydrocodone, propoxyphene, diphenoxylate.
3. Ndị na-agwụ aghara aghara aghara: buprenorphine, nalbuphine, butorphanol, pentazocine, nalorphine (ndị na-agwakọta agwakọta ma ọ bụ ndị na-ahụ anya maka otu ụdị onye na-anabata ya na ndị na-emegide mmadụ, nke na-ebelata ohere ịda mbà n'obi nke iku ume, mmetụta nke nsia na mmetụta ndị ọzọ).
4. Antagonists: naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene.

Ndị ikpeazụ nọ na ndepụta ahụ adịghị ezo aka na ọgwụ ọjọọ, kama ndị ha na-emegide ha nwere ihe ndị ahụ iji gbochie mmetụta nke analgesics narcotic. A na-eji ha eme ihe na ọgwụ ndị na-eme ka ọgwụ ọjọọ kwụsị.

Mmetụta n'ahụ

Maka akuko gbasara akuko, ihe ndi ozo bu njirimara:

1. Mmetụta ọrịa analgesị dị ike, nke na-enye ha ohere iji ha kpatara mmerụ ahụ na ọrịa ndị na-eso mgbu dị ukwuu.
2. Mmetụta dị na usoro nchebe nke etiti ahụ, gosipụtara na euphoria siri ike, na-eme ka nkwenye echiche na nke anụ ahụ na nkwenye ogologo oge.
3. Mmetụta nke ọrịa na-abstinence na ndị mmadụ nwere ịdabere na ịdabere.

Njirimara ọgwụ na ọgwụ ndị dị otú ahụ, na mgbakwunye na ụbụrụ analgesic, bụ ụra, mkpali iku ume na ụkwara reflex, na-ewusi ụda nke eriri afo na eriri afọ. Ha nwekwara ike ịkpata ọgbụgbọ, agbọpụ, nsogbu site na usoro nlekota nke ajuju (hallucinations) na nsogbu ndi ozo.

Nhazi ihe

Ọgwụ ọjọọ nke otu a nwere mmetụta na ụbụrụ limbic nke ụbụrụ, nke na-ahụ maka nchọpụta uche, nke na-eme ka nyocha nke mmetụta uche na nke uche na-agbaghasị ihe mgbu, na-egbochi egwu nke ọ kpatara. Ịbawanye mmepụta nke endorphins, bụ ndị na-eme ihe na-egbu mgbu (ya bụ, na-egbochi ha), nke na-eduga ná mgbochi na mbelata ihe mgbu. N'okpuru nduzi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ, a na-arụ ọrụ na ntụrụndụ nke ụbụrụ na ụbụrụ, mmetụta nke ịdị nwayọọ, njedebe, enwere obi ụtọ, nke na-eduga ná mmalite nke ịdabere na uche.